During the '80s and '90s, the polished, less earthy sound of urban and quiet storm ruled the airwaves, but even then, R&B began adding stylistic components of hip-hop until - by the end of the millennium - there were hundreds of artists who featured both rapping and singing on their records. During the '60s and '70s, soul began to splinter apart - artists like James Brown and Sly Stone developed funk Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff initiated Philly soul with the O'Jays and Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes and later in the decade, danceable R&B became a mass phenomenon with the brief disco fad. All of these styles formed soul, which ruled the black music charts throughout the '60s and also frequently crossed over into the pop charts. How Can You Mend a Broken Heart - the Bee Gees - 4:00. Ive Got Love on My Mind - Natalie Cole - 4:23 12. (If Loving You Is Wrong) I Dont Want to Be Right - Luther Ingram - 3:36 11. Its You That I Need - Enchantment - 6:01 8. In the South, the music became harder and tougher, relying on syncopated rhythms, raw vocals, and blaring horns. It Only Takes a Minute - Tavares - 3:15 6. In Detroit, Motown concentrated on creating a pop-oriented sound that was informed equally by gospel, R&B, and rock & roll. In urban centers like New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago, the music concentrated on vocal interplay and smooth productions. However, musicians pushed the music in different directions usually, different regions of America produced different kinds of soul. During the first part of the '60s, soul music remained close to its R&B roots. From the bouncy, catchy acts at Motown to the horn-driven, gritty soul of Stax/Volt, there was an immense amount of diversity within soul. Soul came to describe a number of R&B-based music styles. Eventually, R&B metamorphosed into soul, which was funkier and looser than the pile-driving rhythms of R&B. During the '50s, R&B was dominated by vocalists like Ray Charles and Ruth Brown, as well as vocal groups like the Drifters and the Coasters. It was blues chord changes played with an insistent backbeat. R&B kept the tempo and the drive of jump blues, but its instrumentation was sparer and the emphasis was on the song, not improvisation. Evolving out of jump blues in the late '40s, R&B laid the groundwork for rock & roll.
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